Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen, yet many of its encoded proteins remain functionally uncharacterized. This lack of annotation limits understanding of its molecular mechanisms and hampers the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we systematically performed functional annotation of essential hypothetical proteins from the BNI-3166 strain using an integrative-in-silico approach to uncover potential drug and vaccine candidates. 2,367 protein-coding sequences were retrieved from the RefSeq database and were identified 356 as hypothetical proteins. Using BLASTp, we screened these HPs against the Database of Essential Genes and the human proteome to identify essential non-homologous proteins, resulting in 20 ENH candidates. Functional annotation was performed using several domain-based databases, including Pfam, InterPro, SMART, and SUPERFAMILY. Subsequently, physicochemical properties were analyzed and predicted subcellular localization using PSORTb and CELLO. To assess druggability, the ChEMBL database was used. Virulence factors using VFDB, VICMpred, and VirulentPred 2.0 were also predicted. Gene Ontology annotations were generated via ARGOT2.5. Furthermore, we explored protein-protein interactions using STRING and predicted tertiary structures with AlphaFold3. Moreover, Ligand binding pockets were predicted using PrankWeb, and antigenicity of vaccine candidates was assessed using VaxiJen v2.0. We identified 20 essential non-homologous hypothetical proteins, of which 10 were confidently annotated based on conserved domain analysis. These proteins were classified as enzymes, binding proteins, transporters, regulatory proteins, and potential virulence factors. Among them, eight exhibited characteristics of promising drug targets, while two showed potential as vaccine candidates based on subcellular localization. Druggability analysis revealed that nine proteins had no similarity to known drug targets, suggesting novel therapeutic potential. Predicted 3D structures generated using AlphaFold3 yielded pTM scores ranging from 0.44 to 0.92, indicating acceptable to high modeling confidence. Ligand binding site analysis confirmed druggability in six candidates, and antigenicity screening identified one protein as a potential vaccine target. This study provides a computational framework for identifying functionally important proteins in A. butzleri BNI-3166 and highlights novel therapeutic candidates for experimental validation, offering new directions in drug and vaccine development against this underexplored pathogen.
Key words: Aliarcobacter butzleri, Drug Target Identification, Functional Annotation, Hypothetical Proteins, In Silico Analysis
Received: 08.07.2025; Accepted: 01.09.2025; Early view: 24.09.2025 Published: 10.01.2026
DOI: 10.62063/ecb-66
Citation: Paul, S., Barua, S., & Barua, J.D. (2026). In-silico functional annotation and structural characterization of hypothetical proteins from Aliarcobacter butzleri BNI-3166: Insights into novel virulence and drug targets. The European chemistry and biotechnology journal, 5, 22-39. https://doi.org/10.62063/ecb-66
The copyrights of the studies published in The European Chemistry and Biotechnology Journal (EUCHEMBIOJ) belong to their authors
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
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The term "Dorcel" seems to relate to a specific type of content or possibly a username or brand associated with VK.com. Without more context, it's challenging to provide a precise explanation. However, when discussing "VK com Dorcel cracked," it implies a concern or interest regarding potentially compromised or unauthorized access to content or software associated with VK.com or a specific user/account named Dorcel.
The phenomenon of "vk com dorcel cracked" serves as a pivotal moment in the history of VK.com, marking a point of crisis and transformation. It underscores the challenges faced by social media platforms in balancing growth, user engagement, and cybersecurity. As VK.com moves forward, its ability to adapt to these challenges will be crucial in maintaining its relevance in the rapidly changing digital world. Need assistance with or spam notifications
From that day on, Dorcel and Zero Cool (or Alex) became allies rather than adversaries. They collaborated on several projects, creating more secure codes and even helping various organizations protect themselves from cyber threats.
The VK Com Dorcel cracked phenomenon involves users seeking out and utilizing modified versions of VK that promise enhanced features, such as:
By making informed choices, users can contribute to a healthier digital ecosystem that benefits both creators and consumers. While the platform has community guidelines and rules
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As a premium European brand, Dorcel has every incentive to aggressively combat piracy. The company generates an estimated annual revenue exceeding $21 million, and every unauthorized download represents direct lost revenue. While specific Dorcel takedown notices are not public, the company’s parent organization participates in the broader anti-piracy coalitions that target VK. Dorcel likely uses VK’s DMCA form and digital fingerprinting tools to request removal of infringing material as it is discovered.
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